Physiology of the Menstrual Cycle

The menstrual cycle is a cyclic process in females that, on average, occurs every 28 days. The purpose of the menstrual cycle is to help prepare the body for potential fertilization, implantation, and, consequently, pregnancy. The happenings of the menstrual cycle are consequences of the simultaneously occurring ovarian cycle and uterine cycle. The ovarian cycle occurs in the ovaries and carries out the follicular phase, which spans the first 14 days of a new menstrual cycle. The result is ovulation.The uterine cycle works concurrently with the ovarian cycle and carries out the menstrual, proliferative, and secretory phases. Hormonally, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) is released in the hypothalamus and travels to the anterior pituitary of the brain, thus increasing levels of follicule-stimulating hormone (FSH) and leutinizing hormone (LH). The brain acts directly on the follicle cells (in the follicular phase) and the corpus luteum (in the luteal phase) to stimulate a response .The result of hormonal secretions of the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary along with the ovarian and uterine cycle is menstruation. The overall cycle is regulated by the hormones that result from a release of GnRH from the brain. Negative feedback occurs in the early follicular phase and luteal phase of th ovarian cycle as GnRH is released, which causes an increase in FSH and LH levels in the anterior pituitary. In the early follicular phase, these hormones send signals through neurotransmitters that reach receptors on follicle cells and follicular development is enhanced.Simultaneously, plasma levels of estrogen increase and return to the brain to hinder continued LH and FSH secretion. At the end of the follicular phase, positive feedback occurs as high estrogen levels are passed back to the brain and estrogen continues to amount to high levels. In the luteal phase, the brain sends hormonal signals to the corpus luteum. As a result, levels of estrogen and progesterone are heigh tened and progesterone is fed back to the brain to maintain stable levels of LH and FSH.This demonstrates how brain function and hormonal regulation carry out essential, complex processes in the body, such as those of the menstrual cycle. The ovaries originally contain primordial follicles, which are made up of an oocyte (an immature egg) and a layer of follicle cells that envelops it. In the beginning stages of the follicular phase of the menstrual cycle, some of these follicles start to develop, becoming granulosa cells. A fluid-filled cavity called an antrum appears in the follicle and begins to increase in size only to eventually engulf the oocyte.The follicle is now called the Graafian follicle, which soon bursts, and the oocyte leaves the ovary and travels into the fallopian tube, spurring ovulation. The leftover Graafian follicle becomes what is called the corpus luteum. The corpus luteum (â€Å"yellow body†) is a gland that secretes estrogen and progesterone when the menstrual cycle is not in full swing. If fertilization of the oocyte ensues, the corpus luteum remains intact for a fair amount of time in order to regulate the release of estrogen and progesterone.If the oocyte fails to become fertilized, the corpus luteum will disintegrate relatively quickly. At the point of the follicle rupturing, there is a major spike in LH and FSH plasma levels. The uterine cycle is carried out in three phases. The menstrual phase begins on the first day of the menstrual cycle and corresponds with the follicular phase. It lasts about three to five days and sheds the uterine lining. During this phase is when actual menstruation occurs due to a decline in estrogen and progesterone plasma levels that occurred because the corpus luteum had fully deteriorated.The inner lining of the uterus, the endometrium, has blood vessels that now narrow and the endometrial tissue begins to die and shed from the uterus. As it sheds, blood vessels burst and blood and tissue are d ispelled from the vagina. The proliferative phase is next and allows the uterus to refurbish as blood vessels become engulfed again, allowing the uterine lining to thicken. It occurs around day five and lasts until day fourteen, when ovulation has happened. During the proliferative phase, estrogen levels peak.The next phase is the secretory phase, which creates a setting that readily allows for embryo development as glands become engorged due to increased blood flow and secrete fluids that contain glycogen that may act as a food source of glucose for a potential embryo. The secretory phase lasts about the last fourteen days of the menstrual cycle-at the same time as the luteal phase. By the end of this cycle, the corpus luteum has completely diminished and, because it can no longer act as a source of stimulation for estrogen and progesterone release, these two hormone levels drop and menstruation commences as the menstrual phase begins again.Works Cited Bowen, R. â€Å"Luteinizing and Follicle Stimulating Hormones. † Arbl. cvmbs. colostate. edu. 13 May 2004. Web. 09 Feb. 2011. . Cohen, Hilary. â€Å"Menstrual Cycle Home. † Endocrinology of the Menstrual Cycle. 2000. Web. 09 Feb. 2011. . Stanfield, Cindy L. , William J. Germann, Mary Jane. Niles, and Joseph G. Cannon. Principles of Human Physiology. San Francisco: Pearson/Benjamin Cummings, 2008. Print.

Ministry of Sound Case Study

1.From the offset Ministry of sound has had to deal with numerous environmental factors that has fashioned the club in the early stages and in the later years. Weather it has hindered its development or accelerated it is up for analysis. During the early stages logistically they had to deal with the issue of the clubs location being in a high crime rate borough of Southwark situated in Elephant & Castle. Also with â€Å"Acid House† derived music, the nightclub inherited the underground rave culture that is synonymous with the designer drugs of the 90’s such as ecstasy. The national drug offences crime rate is at 4.5 were as Southwark council is 18.6 far exceeding national average, this is shown in appendix 1. These factors could have been detrimental to the development of the club and portray the label in a negative public image. In addition with the security team fuelling the drug trade within the club could be seen as one of the principle threats. But with the overhaul of the security team and the zero tolerance on drugs, they managed to change the clubbing ethos to a cleaner and safer environment. During the later stages one of the weakness could be the commercialisation of the brand, loosing the â€Å"edgy† and â€Å"underground† crowd that established the club. However this also means commercial success with ministry of sounds DJ Eric Prydz â€Å"call on me† reaching number 1 for 16 weeks in 2004. 2.The capabilities of ministry of sound has vastly increased over its life span with itself becoming a brand, gaining brand recognition. Which could be now recognised as a worldwide music lifestyle. With its product portfolio ranging from; record labels, branded apparel/electronics, worldwide tours, radio and fitness DVD’s. it has outgrown its venue in south London from just a nightclub to a movement, being able to influence popular music trends and unearthing new styles and genre of music. Ministry of sound has now achieved a significant presence within the industry, which allows the company to expand and diversify its product portfolio successfully within the mainstream markets. 3.To identify the main stakeholders we have to differentiate the qualities and recognise the levels of significance they hold to the organisation. We can do this by analysing stakeholders by categorising them, such as internal and external stakeholders and by using the power interest matrix as shown in appendix 2. There are 4 categories within the power interest matrix that we can apply to Ministry of sound. The fist being A â€Å"minimal effort† which is low power and low interest, they do not have any authority they can exert onto the organisation. Then there is B â€Å"keep informed† these stakeholders have high interest and limited ability to influence directly, for example those who visit the nightclubs and events and retail customers. However they do expect a high quality service or product, whilst expecting a euphoric experience. Category C â€Å"keep satisfied† are stakeholders that have low level interest but can exert change relatively easily, such as government bodies or local authorities. Their expectations seem to be generic to all other organisations, follow laws and regulations and act coherently within society. Lastly being arguably the most important stakeholders are D â€Å"key players† these are employees and investors like venture capitalists 3i, who are key players in ministry of sound organisation. Expecting good return on investment and dividends, whilst expanding creating growth and longevity for the company. 4.Strategic choices at this point are vital to the prosperity and future of Ministry of Sound. They are required in this case to develop their strategies to improve the performance of the organisation in accordance to their external factors. Taken from Johnson, Scholes and whitington â€Å"Exploring corporate strategy† states there is a strategic model were a business route will be taken in relation to three requirements. Suitability, does it make economical sense? Also would it be suitable in context of environment and capabilities. So if Ministry decided to open a new super-club in Dubai, would it make economical sense? Dubai may have high levels of disposable income within its population, but the market may not be as strong or cultural differences may occur. Another is a financially superior competitor may invest more entering the market. Feasibility, are the resources available to execute the strategy? Includes cash flow analysis break-even analysis and forecasting. Acceptability, this is in relation to the risk involved in the project and the returns gained. Also to do with stakeholders, it requires the company to review the reactions and the possibilities of the venture. 5.Another factor they should include is when entering new markets and countries, they should employ mid level native managers. This is to extract local knowledge of laws and cultural differences, in order to maximise company competency within the new country. So when considering reorganisation and the three divisions, each need to be catered in forms of correct management style and strategy implementation. I agree with the reorganisation of the company as it separates departmental aims and outcomes. This intern specialises each department, however the company should employ previously successful and experienced department managers. This would ensure the running of the departments to be more efficient and productive. In conclusion the reorganisation is key to the development of company, and now relies on the implementation of the key strategies. With the rearrangement of the company, different aspects can get specialisation and close focus rather then being neglected that could be detrimental to the organisation. This is imperative for long term orientation of the product portfolio and expansion prospects. Bibliography http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/london/8468372.stm

Sir Francis Drake Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sir Francis Drake - Essay Example Sir Francis also paved a way for trade to many other nations, including Far East, which made England a spice trade central point. Participation in trade helped Britain gain more popularity and wealth for a long period. Sir Francis was able to raid Spanish successfully through its ports and carried away much wealth to England. Raid activities made him gain a lot of wealth for his nation which was indirectly supported by Elizabeth 1. Sir Francis was also the first adventurer and captain to sail all over the world. 2He had qualities of a leader, since he was able to influence people into obtaining wealth and raiding nation successfully. He had a known behavior of eliminating people who stood on his way towards implementation of his plans. Sir Francis raided ports belonging to other nations, carrying away gold and silver back to his country. Raiding activities made Britain strong in power at the expense of the other nations. Countries like Portugal and Spanish were highly affected and their economy was left unstable. New trade was established to many countries, which acted as an exit for many surplus products produced in several states. Sir Francis was important to Britain for his achievement in bringing more wealth to the country in terms of gold and silver. This move was achieved through raids executed on specific ports where cargo ships were found. 3He also became important to his nation by enabling it control strategic routes on sea to far areas of the world. He made more victories than failures which gave his country a chance to gain great power. Sir Francis was never a victim of failure in any assignment which was ever undertaken on behalf of his country. He was never held back by conscience in attaining victory compared to other adventurers who would retreat due to their inner self. He attained fame through his enemies and not from Englishmen who walked with him. His uniqueness was also based on experience in plundering which substituted

Indian culture ,Bhagavad Gita Analysis of a World Text see example in Research Paper

Indian culture ,Bhagavad Gita Analysis of a World Text see example in order instructuions - Research Paper Example e cause for this narration is Arjuna’s confusion regarding his relationships, bondage to people and the material world, and an effort to liberate himself from these bondages. Hence, the Lord advises Arjuna to follow path of Dharma (righteousness/duty) to achieve liberation from the materialistic bondages. According to Sankaracharya, this entire philosophy is assembled into 745 versus and based on four main principles, referred to as Purusharthas (Bhagavad-Gita, Gambhirananda, xii) in the Mahabharata; these include Dharma (The principle of righteousness), Artha (Wealth), Kaama (pleasure or desires), and moksha (spiritual freedom or self-realization) (qtd. in Rau, 25). All versus in the Bhagavad-Gita are based on these principles, and teach mankind how to abide by these principles. These teachings also include the effects of following and not following these principles on mankind and its future. The first principle of Dharma (righteousness/duty) guides all actions that man has to perform in order to successfully complete all the duties and eventually attain liberation. This topic is elaborated based on few teachings on Dharma (righteousness/duty), and explained in relation to achievement of self-liberation. For instance, the Lord advises Arjuna to focus on Dharma, which is righteousnes s of actions and duty. The Lord says, â€Å"Your right is for action alone, never for the results. Do not become the agent of the results of action. May you not have any inclination for inaction.† (Bhagavad-Gita, Gambhirananda, 2:47). Here, the lord explains that a man’s duty is only to perform actions and not expect results. Moreover, man should certainly perform actions and not escape from doing what is required. If man starts thinking about or expecting specific results from actions performed, then he will become a propagator of results desired from the work he does. This expectation could lead him towards inappropriate actions meant to achieve desired results.

Family and Community Influences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Family and Community Influences - Essay Example Family and Community Influences Students usually adopt the culture of the learning environment. The actions of the community are therefore influential in regard to performance in schools. There is need for community participation in promoting education, which the government advocates, as well as the cooperation of parents in helping the students to achieve in school. When students are exposed to a hostile environment at home or within the community their performance declines. Lack of parental support may also lead to stress and poor performance. The community needs to serve as a good example to students, which generates enthusiasm for them to learn to accomplish what successful people have accomplished in the community. A community without a culture of promoting education may not accomplish the development needs in the contemporary society, which needs continuous learning and technological advancement to remain competitive and self sufficient. Schools are meant to help the children to develop both intellectually and socially. These are the basis for a competent society in regard to solving problems affecting it as well as maintaining self sufficiency. This essay is a critique of how family and community conditions enhance or hinder the ability of schools to produce socially and academically competent students in Bahamian schools. It focuses on th e concept of environmental impact. Attending classes continuously for more than 10 years with short breaks is usually a long process that requires endurance and determination. In the initial stages when children begin attending school, they usually do not understand the meaning of education.

Tobacco Addiction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tobacco Addiction - Essay Example Nicotine is what which causes tobacco addiction; it is justified indeed as tobacco comes from a plant called Nicotiana. Hydrogen cyanide is also present in tobacco which is more commonly known as rat poison. Even the most forgotten corners of the world know for a fact that anything that contains tobacco is dangerous for health. It is rational that they know the risk. Still, one billion people use tobacco; that's more or less 16% of the world population!Smoking seems to help a lot of people overcome many problems; from wafting their troubles away to even thinking of it as some sort of a companion. A person starts smoking for a lot of reasons but once they start it seems harder and harder to quit. They become a drug addict: they crave for the feelings which arise in them whenever they smoke. Some people don't want to stop smoking others just can't tolerate the smell of the smoke. Smoking is cool for teens, a way of life for adults and a part of personality for the aged. People smoke so that they can concentrate on something, part with stress or just simply pass the time. People who smoke generally tend to feel relaxed which is not true as smoking immediately increases the heart rate, flow of blood from the heart and blood pressure. It does, however, calm the senses and numbs the fingers of feet and hands. It weakens appetite and feelings of hunger but it hasn't been proven that obese people would benefit from smoking. All this happens because the brain releases a lot of chemicals which eventually have the smoker in a sate of pure bliss. The nicotine receptor gene of smokers causes them to be eight times more prone to start smoking than non-smokers. Although there are five ways of smoking: cigarette, hookah, pipe, cigar and roll-your-owns; only cigarette is the most common. Cigarettes are known to have pleasing short-term effects but hazardous long-term ones. Nicotine, tar and carbon monoxide are the substances which make up the 'tobacco smoke.' Tobacco smoke is tasted or more commonly, inhaled. Nicotine takes exactly seven seconds to make up its way to the brain and trigger feelings in pleasing combinations of reduced anxiety, heightened pleasure, and a state of alert. It can be used as an anesthetic or a pick-me-up by controlling the amount of nicotine absorbed in the bloodstream. Extended, intense inhalations, additional puffs per cigarette, or smoking down to the end can increase the nicotine being absorbed to a level higher than the printed one. A large amount of diseases are caused by smoking. Over forty chemicals in the tobacco smoke can cause cancers of larynx, throat, tongue, lungs, bladder, pharynx, oesophagus, lips, colorectal, colon, nasal sinuses, nasal cavities, liver and stomach. It also plays a part in developing cancer of the cervix, pancreas, and kidneys. It causes cardiovascular disease, lung diseases such as chronic bronchitis, emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It affects all parts of the body from the hair to the immune system. Smoking causes osteoporosis, cataract, leukemia, infertility, Buerger's disease, peptic ulcer, thyroid diseases, erectile dysfunction, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), leukoplakia, skin disorders, peripheral vascular disease (PVD), stroke and insomnia. Passive smokers are also susceptible to diseases related to smoking. Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) causes cardiovascular disease and lung cancer in non-smokers. Childhood exposed to ETS tend to have severe asthma. ETS exposure of toddlers also causes an increased risk of bronchitis, pneumonia and ear infections in them. Hence, smokers benefit many people by quitting smoking and they should be aware that anyone can quit smoking; it's just a matter of time

Under Armour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Under Armour - Essay Example The fact that Under Armour has fewer retail stores it means that it has fewer powerful buyers who can often dictate terms. In terms of competitive rivalry, the two companies do not pose a serious threat since Under Armour itself offers unique products. However, all the competitors have allocated a sizeable budget on research, meaning that they are likely to offer undifferentiated products and services that may reduce attractiveness of Under Armour. Under Armour doesn’t pose the threat of new entry since the other two corporations have the advantage of the economies of scale, and considering their budgetary allocations on marketing, Under Armour is less likely to capitalize on the threat of substitution. Under Armour has a major strength of manufacturing the most unique brand in the market. However, the weakness of fewer retail stores and the threat posed by other corporations like Nike and Adidas Group gives it a lesser advantage in the market. Broadening the company’s product offering to all athletes and increasing its sale, designing kits that can be worn under different weather conditions, marketing and product promotion (Thomson, 2012). All the three companies are engaged in sponsorships and endorsements for product promotion and marketing. They have also allocated sizeable amounts of resources on research and development of new products. On one hand, Under Armour has the advantage of its unique products in the market, and on the other hand, it has a disadvantage of unfavorable competition in terms of capital against the other two. He needs to address the issue of the growing number of individual items produced, uncertainties surrounding consumer demand that affects accurate projections of items to order (Thomson, 2012), and how to acquire the lion’s share of the market. Carrying out proper survey in

Rabies street virus Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rabies street virus - Essay Example This is a viral malady usually characterized by varied and unusual aggressive behaviors in warm-blooded animals (Jackson, 2013, pp 5). Its transmission occurs from one species to another, for instance, infected dogs to human beings through a simple bite (Campbell, 2012). In human beings, rabies turns out to be a dangerous contagion if there are no administrations of necessary medications prior to the commencement of various symptoms that may result to death of the ailing person (Acton, 2012). Mainly, in human beings this malady invades and damages central nervous system ultimately leading to death. The disease finds its way to the brain through the tangential nerve ways (Jackson, 2013, pp 45). In humans, the incubation period of the disease mainly takes few months though time is entirely determined by distance navigated by the viral agent to central nervous system (Jackson, 2009). According to the studies so far contacted, once rabies virus ultimately reaches the central nervous syst em and symptoms begin to reveal themselves, the infection is generally difficult to treat and eventually leads to death with very few days (Jackson, 2009). However, since the discovery of the disease, doctors have frequently recorded a survival rate of only 8% of all reported cases after biting incidence (Acton, 2012).. Transmission All warm-blooded entities can acquire this contagion via viral agent, which exhibits signs of the disease and spreads to other people via biting (Campbell, 2012). Studies cite monkeys, cats, bats, raccoons, cattle and dogs pose greater risks of infection to numerous unsuspecting humans (Wilde, 2010). In most cases, this disease’s agent resides in nerves and saliva of the host, hence making the host being a potential reservoir of the complication once the animal bites human beings. This explains unusual anxiety and aggressive behavior portrayed by a rabid animal since they often attack without provocation to facilitate the contagion’s transm ission to other organisms (Acton, 2012). However, transmission of human-to-human is very rare though there are few cases so far recorded during transplant surgery of various body tissues (Kumar, 2008, pp3). After infection through biting by the host, the virus enters victim’s body where it invades peripheral nervous system parts before finding its way to the central nervous system (Ainsworth, 2009). This prompts the act of identifying the malady in the infected person’s body turning to be big challenge because symptoms professed are often confused with those of other diseases (Wilde, 2010). On reaching the brain, the agent causes encephalitis marking the onset of varied severe signs (Wilde, 2010). In this stage, medical procedures may prove to be ineffective due to advanced state of the ailing person prompting one to be at risk of dying (Wilde, 2010). Symptoms It takes an average of 2 to 12 weeks for the first flu like symptoms to appear after infection (Kumar, 2008, p p 22). Additionally, the incubation period takes varied periods depending on the wound’s severity as well as the amount of complication causing agents that has entered the body via biting ((Kumar, 2008). In early stages of rabies development, the disease usually exhibits itself through varied symptoms in human beings (Dessain, 2008, pp10). For instance, one may start experiencing recurrent headaches, fever and depression in every stage (Eden, 2009). As the disease progresses, a person experiences severe muscle pains, aggressive body movements, sudden and unusual excitement as well as being hydrophobia. Other symptoms include increased saliva production, which suggests drinking anything may cause serve and painful

FOIA and Privatization of Government Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

FOIA and Privatization of Government - Article Example There should a difference in the way of privatizing the traditional governmental services and the private corporation using public funding for non-traditional services because the two are very distinct in the manner of disseminating their duties. The traditional government needs more strict rules in guiding against the events of FWAC because their services affect the entire public and a small flaw in them could lead to the collapse of the whole institution. On the other hand, the private corporations require observance as well but to a smaller extent based on the nature of the population they serve. The examples of FWAC in private corporations and nonprofit corporations that were not subjected to FOIA, but may have been prevented by FOIA include misappropriation of funds by the management, tax evasion, stealing the properties of the firms. Also, giving and taking of bribes, the incorrect use of resources by wasting them and offering favors to the friend and family members. All these FWAC have been prevented by the availability of checks by the FOIA board that has scared those in charge of practicing such vices. The incapacity of the FOIA legislation to force the private corporation to provide information when needed the contracting government agency can mitigate this by setting in the contract the terms that the information regarding the use of public funds should be disclosed to the public. The condition will enable the provision of data concerning the use of the public funds. The private corporations need the support of the government and, therefore, they will be forced to comply and provide the information otherwise they will not have such chances. The issue of concern based on the experience is the style of the provision of the information needed by the public by the FOIA. The fee charged should be reviewed from the set minimum of 15 dollars to as low as 7 dollars.

Demonstrative Communication Paper Essay Example for Free

Demonstrative Communication Paper Essay Demonstrative communication consists of accepting and sending messages that can be silent; this can help give attention for the start of verbal communication even though a non verbal communication can transmit the message all by itself. An example of this would be facial expressions, which can be used to express most non verbal communications. According to Nayab body language along with facial expressions represent 55% of all communication. With demonstrative communication it can highlight the verbal communication for instance appropriately dressed, a nice firm handshake and conducting oneself in a professional manner while on employment interviews. Another example would be when two people meet for the first time; demonstrative communication can either show that the other person is either friendly or unpleasant by just saying the word hello. The facial expression of a smile can demonstrate whether the person is in good spirits and have a friendly personality. A good way to figure this out without the verbal communication would be the smile and other gestures through the nonverbal communication of the other person. An example of this would be a two people doing business together and when they meet for the first time and both business men smile at each other. This would be a nonverbal communication. The way that a person’s personality is shown is through their nonverbal communication. Demonstrative communication can go both ways in being effective and negative. There are many different facts that play into the nonverbal communication, like the clothes that people wear, their tattoos and possibly their hairstyles. Although these types of communications are nonverbal it does make some people a little uneasy about how they handle their business with someone with this type of communication. It does not matter what the tattoo is of. It can be misunderstood by the person that is viewing the symbol and the person with the tattoo will be labeled as a thug or someone that you should not do business with. That is why body language and facial  expressions can be very important when it comes to demonstrative communication. An example of body language that can be misunderstood would be when two people are talking and one person has their arms folded across their chest. This can be perceived as the person not listening or being considered overprotective of themselves and will not take criticism lightly. The person with the folded arms could just be cold or it is a learned gesture from their parents and that is how they listen. This is why many people would agree that demonstrative communication should not only have the nonverbal but also the verbal to go along with it so that people do not have any misunderstandings and the issue can be handled properly. According to Sutton, a person cannot fully deliver the anecdote of the day to anyone lacking words, except if the person can mime the entire tale (Sutton, 2011). Even if the person is able to mime they cannot express the entire issue perfectly. There has to be some degree of distance. This type of communication cannot always be expressed perfectly. An example of this would be that a person cannot convey the nonverbal communication over the phone and the person on the other end only has the verbal part of the communication and might take something the wrong way because they are not able to see the nonverbal part of the communication and that is where misunderstandings come in. Just like all other types of communication demonstrative communication requires listening and responding. It has been said time and time again that people receive more knowledge from someone’s actions more than their words. There are times when a person needs to listen not only with their ears but also with their eyes. An example of this would be when a new student has to get up in front of the class and introduce themselves, at first the new student may roll their eyes like so many do because they already know that it is hard enough to start school as the new kid but to have to stand up in front of everyone makes things even more intense. So the other kids have seen the new student roll their eyes but they also have to listen to what is being said because the action was just an annoyance for having to stand up in front of everyone. It is important to remember to listen as well as taking in the scene of what is going on around them. Both the verbal and nonverbal communication will create the listening and response aspect of the  communication. In today’s world all around us there are people unknowingly using demonstrative communication. Just by smiling at their neighbor or waving at someone they are using demonstrative communication. Even though this communication can be misinterpreted or misunderstood it is still wise to try and listen to see if there is anything that the person is also saying. References: ReferencesCheesebro, T., O’Connor, L., Rios, F. (2010). Communicating in the workplace . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Nayab, N. (2010, July 26). Different types of communication . Retrieved from http://www.brighthub.com/office/project-management/articles/79297.aspxSutton, N. (2011, March 26). Pros and cons of nonverbal communication.

The Sony Strategy Failure Management Essay

The Sony Strategy Failure Management Essay Sony is the combination of two word sonus and sonny. The both words sonus and sonny is a latin word. The literal meaning of sonus is sound and, sonic and sonny is little son. Easy to pronounce and read in any language, the name Sony, which has a lively ring to it, fits comfortably with the spirit of freedom and open-mindedness. Since, Sony is the combination of two word sonus and sonny, represents a very small group of young people who have the energy and passion towards unlimited creations and innovative ideas. Sony foundation was started in 1946 when Masaru Ibuka and Akio Morita worked together with a small team of obsessive and committed group of employees build Tokyo Tsushin Kenkyujo (Totsuko), or Tokyo Telecommunications Research Institute (billion dollar global conglomerate). In 1958 the company was formally adopted Sony Corporation as its corporate name. The main objective of the company is to design and create innovative products which would benefit the people. Sony a marketplace creator and leader After the World War II, Sony became popular after applying applied transistor technology, which was invented by  Texas Instruments  (TI). The co-founder of the Sony, Akio Morita was always kept looking for technological advancement and for that the company leadership spent countless hours in innovatively thinking about how to apply these advances to improve lives.   With such a passion for creating new markets, Sony was an early creator, and dominator, of what we now call consumer electronics because of the following reasons as given below: Sony improved solid state transistor radios by making good quality sound and also inexpensive to. Sony developed the solid state television by replacing tubes to make TVs more reliable, better working and use less energy. Sony developed the Triniton television tube, which dramatically improved the quality of color (yes Virginia, once TV was all in black white) and enticed an entire generation to switch.   Sony also expanded the size of Trinitron to make larger sets that better fit larger homes. Sony was an early developer of videotape technology, pioneering the market with Betamax before losing a battle with JVC to be the standard (yes Virginia, we once watched movies on tape). Sony pioneered the development of camcorders, for the first time turning parents and everyone into home movie creators. Sony pioneered the development of independent mobile entertainment by creating the walkman, which allowed for the first time people to take their own recorded music with them, via cassette tapes. Sony pioneered the development of compact discs for music, and developed the walkman CD for portable use. Sony gave us the play station, which went far beyond  Nintendo  in creating the products that excited users and made home gaming a market. Very few companies could ever boast a string of such successful products.   A report said that in Sony executives spent 85% of their time on technology, products and new applications/markets, 10% on human resource issues and 5% on finance.   Mr. Morita said that financial results were just those results of doing a good job developing new products and markets.   The origin and impact of Japan Inc on Sony By the middle 1980s, America was panicked over the absolute domination of companies like Sony in product manufacturing.   Not only consumer electronics, but also in automobiles, motorcycles, kitchen electronics, steel and a growing number of markets.   Politicians referred to Japanese competitors, like the wildly successful Sony, as Japan Inc. and discussed how the powerful Japanese Ministry of Trade and Industry (MITI) effectively shuttled resources around to beat American manufacturers.   Even as rising petroleum costs seemed to cripple U.S. companies, Japanese manufacturers were able to turn innovations (often American) into very successful low-cost products growing sales and profits. What went wrong for Sony? In 1950 W. Edward Deming had convinced Japanese leaders to focus, focus on making things better as well as faster and cheaper.   Taking advantage of Japanese post war dependence on foreign capital, and foreign markets, this U.S. citizen directed Japanese industry into an obsession with industrialization as practiced in the 1940s and was credited for creating the rapid massive military equipment build-up that allowed the U.S. to defeat Japan. Unfortunately, this narrow obsession was left Japanese business leaders, by and large, with little skill set for developing and implementing RD, or innovation, in any other area.   As time passed,  Sony felt victim to developing products for manufacturing, rather than pioneering new markets. Sony had ended up in a cost/price/manufacturing war with  Dell, HP, Lenovo and others to make cheaper PCs rather than the exciting products.   Sonys evolved a distinctly industrial strategy, focused on manufacturing and volume, rather than trying to develop uniquely new products that were head-and-shoulders better than competitors. In mobile phones Sony hooked up with, and eventually acquired,  Ericsson.   Again,  no new technology or effort to make a wildly superior mobile device  (like Apple did.)   Instead Sony sought to build volume in order to manufacture more phones and compete on price/features/functions against Nokia, Motorola and Samsung.   Lacking any product or technology advantage, Samsung clobbered Sonys Industrial strategy with lower cost via non-Japanese manufacturing. When Sony updated its competition in home movies by introducing Blu-Ray, the strategy was again an industrial one about how to sell Blu-Ray recorders and players.   Sony didnt sell the Blu-Ray software technology in hopes people would use it.   Instead it kept Blu-Ray proprietary so only Sony could make and sell Blu-Ray products (hardware).   Just as it did in MP3, creating a proprietary version usable only on Sony devices.   In an information economy, this approach didnt fly with consumers, and Blue Ray was a money loser largely irrelevant to the market as was the now-gone Sony MP3 product line. In the case of televisions, Sony was lost the technological advantage it had with Trinitron cathode ray tubes.   In flat screens Sony has applied a predictable, but money losing industrial strategy trying to compete on volume and cost.   Up against competitors sourcing from lower cost labor, and capital, Sony was lost over $10 billion over the last 8 years in televisions.  Sony  hasnt made a profit in 4 consecutive  years, just recently announced it will double its expected  loss  for this year(2012) to$6.4 billion, has only 15% of its capital left as and was  only worth 1/4 of its value 10 years ago. Sonys Leadership was a keen conspirator to the failed strategy Akio Morita was an innovator and new market creator of Sony.   But, Mr. Morita lived through WWII, and developed his business approach before Deming.   Under Mr. Morita, Sony was used the industrial knowledge Deming and his American peers offered to make Sonys products highly competitive against older technologies.   The products led, with industrial-era  tactics  used to lower cost. But after Mr. Morita Sonys other leaders were trained, like American-minted MBAs, to implement industrial strategies.   Their minds put products and new markets, second.   First was a commitment to volume and production regardless of the products or the technology.   The fundamental belief was that if Sony had enough volume, and cut costs low enough, Sony would eventually succeed without any innovation. By 2005 Sony reached the pinnacle of this strategic approach by installing a non-Japanese to run the company.   Sir Howard Stringer made his fame running Sonys American business, where he exemplified industrial strategy by cutting 9,000 of 30,000 U.S. jobs (almost one third.).Mr. Stringer, strategy was not about innovation, technology, products or new markets. Sonys industrial strategy was cost-cut first, products are less meaningful Mr. Stringers industrial strategy was to be obsessive about costs. Where, Mr. Moritas meetings were 85% about innovation and market application. Mr. Stringer brought a modern MBA approach to the Sony business, where numbers especially financial projections came first.   The leadership, and management, at Sony became a model of MBA training post-1960.   Focus on a narrow product set to increase volume, avoid costly development of new technologies in favor of seeking high-volume manufacturing of someone elses technology, reduce product introductions in order to extend product life, tooling amortization and run lengths, and constantly look for new ways to cut costs.   Be zealous about cost cutting, and reward it in meetings and with bonuses. Thus, during his brief tenure in Sony Mr. Stringer will not be known for new products.   Rather, he will be remembered for initiating two waves of layoffs in what was historically a lifetime employment company (and country.)   And now, in a nod to Chairman Stringer the new CEO at Sony has indicated he will  react to ongoing losses by another round of layoffs.   This time estimated to be another 10,000 workers, or 6% of employees.   The new CEO, Mr. Hirai, trained at the hand of Mr. Stringer, demonstrates as he announces ever greater losses that Sony hopes to somehow save its way to prosperity with an Industrial strategy. Since Japanese equity laws are very different that the USA.   Companies often have much higher debt levels.   And companies can even operate with negative equity values which would be technical bankruptcy almost everywhere else.   So it is not likely Sony will fill bankruptcy any time soon, if ever. After 4 years of losses, and entrenched Industrial strategy with MBA-style leadership focused on numbers rather than markets, there was no reason to think the trajectory of sales or profits will change any time soon. As an employee, facing ongoing layoffs why would you wish to work at Sony?   A me too product strategy with little technical innovation that puts all attention on cost reduction would not be a fun place and offers little promotional growth. And for suppliers, it was assured that each and every meeting will be about how to lower price over, and over, and over. Sony was once a company to watch. It was an innovative leader, which pioneered new markets.   Not unlike Apple today.   But with its Industrial strategy and MBA numbers- focused leadership it is now time to say, sayonara.   Sell Sony, there are more interesting companies to watch and more profitable places to invest. Questions: Highlights Sonys industrial strategy? What was the reason for the failure of Blu Ray strategy? What was the threat for employee as well as the supplier? Examine the opinion of both Morita and Stringer?

Partytime Equals a Lifetime - Original Writing :: Papers

Partytime Equals a Lifetime - Original Writing Tears roll down my cheeks as I lay staring at my bedroom ceiling. Memories of the previous week, still haunting me. The distorted image of his face appearing everytime I close my eyes, the smell of his breath still tickles my nose, the thumping of the base still bangs in my head as I can feel the weight of his body pressing against me. Even the hairs on my arms stand to attention as I remember my 17th birthday party. The alcohol concoction that my best friend Kelly handed to me from my dad's overtowering cupboard; burnt my throat as I swallowed! The taste of the sharp, acidic solution that created this burning sensation, that I know believe was whisky; passed my lips more times than I remember. Everything then turned hazy! My stomach began to churn. Colours blurred. The room began to spin. The music became one humongous buzz. I stumbled to the stairs. Slumped on the stairs, head in my hands I struggled to breathe. A tall dark shadow was then cast over me. Confused, I slowly raised my head. Twinkling in the light the figures belt buckle stung my eyes. Blinking to refocus, a bright white shirt caught my eye, blending perfectly with the figures pale skin. Two dark brown eyes stared right at me like needles piercing my skin. Immediately I became agitated and rose to my feet. The room began to spin again! My breathing shuddering as the contents of my stomach was churning like a boiling cauldron. Loosing my balance I fell forward. The figure reached out and prevented me from hitting the floor, at the time I was so appreciative; I just wish I had fallen now. A couple of bruises would be nothing compared to the torture I'm suffering from now! After not receiving any bruises but still in the stranger's arms, my feet left the floor. Quite relieved to not have to try and balance anymore I didn't think to complain. I just gently floated upstairs and

Personal Justice and Homicide in Scott’s Ivanhoe: :: Scott Ivanhoe Psychology papers

Personal Justice and Homicide in Scott’s Ivanhoe Abstract: Scott’s Ivanhoe reveals a conflict between our innate concept of justice as personal justice and the impersonal justice which is imposed on us by the modern nation-state. This conflict causes the split between the proper hero, who affirms the order of impersonal justice, and the dark hero, who acts according to personal justice, in Scott’s work. In Evolution and Literary Theory, Joseph Carroll provides a paradigm for the integration of literary criticism with evolutionary psychology. First, he argues that literary critics should learn to understand and respect the evidence for the basic contention of evolutionary psychology, namely, that the human mind is not a blank slate which receives all of its content from an external culture, but that human cognition and the culture that is based on it are highly constrained by innate psychological mechanisms, which evolved in the environment in which humans spent most of their evolutionary history, the hunting-gathering bands of Pleistocene Africa. Humans evolved a rich array of specialized mental mechanisms for dealing with this environment, including mechanisms for determining mate value (see Buss), for protecting kin (see Daly and Wilson, 17-121), for social exchange (see Cosmides and Tooby 1992) and many others. These psychological mechanisms collectively form the human nature which underlies the production and consumption of literary texts. However, the scope of an evolutionarily informed literary analysis is not limited to simply finding these human universals in literary texts. Rather, many of these psychological mechanisms are â€Å"open programs† which permit of a wide range of cultural and individual variation (Carroll 152). Carroll identifies the three levels at which a literary criticism informed by evolutionary psychology should work: human nature, cultural order, and individual identity (150). While human nature constrains all cultural productions, â€Å"cultural forms are themselves the product of a complex interaction among various innate dispositions and between innate dispositions and variable environmental conditions† (152). Evolutionary psychology enables us to understand not only literary universals, but also the complex and often conflicting relationship between human nature, culture, and the individual. In their book Homicide, evolutionary psychologists Margo Wilson and Martin Daly identify one such conflict between human nature and the contemporary cultural order. They argue that humans have an innate concept of justice which is based on the idea of personal revenge. According to this concept of justice, it is legitimate and even praise-worthy for people to whom a wrong has been done to avenge the wrong-doing themselves.

Romanian Adoption :: Romania Adoption Adopted

Romanian Adoption Abstract During my research on Romanian Adoption, I first believed that the law had no relevance and was just a stupid law so that Romania could get into the European Union. However, during my research I saw that Romania did have the children at interest but the law was too extreme. The law has both upsides and downsides to it. The most effective and persuasive evidence that I have found is the letter from Emma Nicholson. This quote is pretty strong: â€Å"Adoption is the giving of a family to a child and not a child to a family.† This statement was made by the Stratsburg Court when they ruled in favor of the two Romanian girls who wished to stay in Romania but was adopted against their wishes. Even though I do not agree with Emma Nicholson completely, she is very persuasive and she makes very strong claims. Emma Nicholson does not live in Romania but she is very concerned about the children of Romania. Since she doesn’t live in Romania she doesn’t have too much concern for the country which makes her seem she is more for the children. I understand that Romania does not want to be a â€Å"baby producer† for other countries and I understand that European Union was threatening Romania about adoptions and I also understand that child trafficking is a problem in Romania. I do believe that Romania has interest for the child but the law is too harsh and some exceptions should be made to the law. The process of the assignment was tiring. Although there was not much more to do then research, pulling all the research together into one cohesive paper was tiring. My most valuable research tool was the internet. With my topic there were not any books. Most of my research was done on the database search on the Penrose Library. But I did have a lot of research through the US embassy and Joint Council. During my research I learned a lot about the history of Romania. I learned that the orphan problem in Romania was because of the Communist Regime and the Dictator.

A Look at Megan’s Law

Issues of crime and punishment are often at the center of controversy.   In part, this is certainly because often, the issues raised in matters of crime and punishment do not have easy answers and sometimes, there may not be any solution at all.   Certainly, each time a legal matter arises, even with similar circumstances, the resolution to such matters can be complex and can differ with each and every case.   We can gain some understanding as to the difficulty in deciding how to view and treat such matters by considering the case of Megan's Law.On July 29, 1994 Jesse Timmendequas, already a convicted sex offender at the time, is believed to have used a puppy to lure Megan Kanka, the 7-year-old daughter of his neighbors, into his home in Hamilton Township, Mercer County, NJ and brutally raped and murdered her (Flanagan, 2004; Vachss, 1994).  Ã‚   Once inside, Timmendequas is said to have slammed Megan’s head into a dresser and suffocated her with a plastic bag before s trangling her to death with a belt.   Subsequently, he moved and raped Megan's dead body again before dumping the body in a nearby park in West Windsor, NJ.Timmendequas was convicted of murder and sentenced to death for his crime.   After his conviction, New Jersey passed a law that has come to be known as Megan's law.   The law was designed to protect a community when dangerous sex offenders move into the community.   Some states require notification only for certain types of sexual assaults while other states extended the requirement to individuals convicted of sodomy or consensual sodomy, an act that was illegal in some states even between consenting adults before the U.S. Supreme Court declared such laws unconstitutional in June 2003.Timmendequas’ actions and the subsequent legal proceedings raise questions as to just how such a situation, or any similar serious legal situation should be handled.   Was he treated fairly?   Did the Kanka family receive proper l egal restitution for the crime?   How should such cases be handled?   We want to use the Megan Kanka/Jesse Timmendequas case to ask four basic questions and seek the answers to similar questions.   First, what are the goals of punishment?Is it actually the â€Å"punishment† of the individual who committed the crime, protection of the community, both, neither or more?   Second, in situations of serious crimes of this nature, should offenders be subjected to a lifetime of repayment for their crimes after serving their allotted term of imprisonment?   Third, when considering punishment, are the rights of the victim, the community or the offender more important; are all the rights equally important?   Finally, what goal(s) was(were) the Criminal Justice System attempting to achieve by instituting Megan's law.Megan's Law has been the focus of considerable controversy and heated debate.   After Megan’s rape and murder, there was considerable controversy regardi ng the question of whether the Kanka family may indeed have known that a sex offender (not necessarily Timmendequas, however) lived in the house across the street.   Although the Kanka family denied having any knowledge of Timmendequas' criminal past as a sex offender, there was evidence to suggest that it was common knowledge that at least one of the residents of the house where Timmendequas lived had a criminal past that included sexual assault, rape and gang shootings. (Vachss 1994)Even before Megan's rape and murder, law enforcement officials knew that three convicted sex offenders lived in the house where Timmendequas lived.   Although Megan's parents' claimed not to have been aware of this fact, some of their neighbors did know of the three men's past.   Even so, Maureen Kanka, Megan's mother, felt that people should not need to rely on gossip and rumors in order to learn about the presence of convicted sex offenders in their neighborhood.Perhaps first and foremost in an y legal situation is the question as to the goal(s) of punishment.   What exactly are the goals of punishment?   Punishment for crimes is supposed to be to deter crime.   Punishment penalties and law are based on utilitarianism, the idea that there should be no unnecessary punishment (UBSBA).   This idea says that we should evaluate laws on the basis of future consequences and suggests that punishment is always bad because it causes pain.Thus, â€Å"The reason to punish is to prevent future crime and the limit is to punish only if the pain is outweighed by the happiness it creates.†Ã‚   Crime and Punishment theory proposes the four questions should be asked when analyzing legal theories of punishment.   They are, 1) Is the punishment to prevent future crimes or to punish past misconduct, 2) Does the theory of punishment assume that the crime was caused by the individual or social problems, 3) Does the theory express blame for the proscribed act and actor and4) What is the relationship between the criminal and the rest of society?   That is, is the criminal part of society or excluded from society?   The threat of punishment is believed to stop rational people from doing something that ultimately will not be to their benefit, but the deterrent value of punishment is only thought to be effective if people are aware of the punishment prior to committing crimes.Megan's law was not meant to be a form of punishment.   Rather, it was designed to be an act that would provide information to prevent potential crime in situations where the potential may be real.   Some have argued that the law may lead to vigilantes formed against convicted sex offenders and the harassment of those offenders, but that was not the intension of the law.   Its purpose was to enhance public safety.   Although former sex offenders may be harmed by the law, supporters of the law claim that whatever incidental inconvenience or harm the former sex-offender may suffer as a result of the law is an unavoidable consequence of their own past illegal behavior.   It does not outweigh the community's right to know the possible danger of their presence.This case raises the question, â€Å"Should offenders be subjected to a lifetime of repayment for their crimes after serving a term of imprisonment?†Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This is not an easy question to answer.   Theoretically, a person should not need to continue to pay for past crimes a second time, or continue paying for them once they have paid, but that idea is fraught with problems and more or less impossible to enforce.   In fact, it is also impossible to determine what actually constitutes â€Å"payment for crime.†In life, individuals may pay for things they have done long after they have done whatever it was even if their legal payment has been completed.   We may pay in terms of paranoia, feelings of guilt and other mental and psychological payments long after any legal payment or e ven without legal payment.   So, psychological repayment for crimes may continue for a lifetime even if social and legal repayment do not.   A person's own mental and psychological retribution for their acts may continue indefinitely.Many psychological situations are viewed as diseases even though we don't really have a definition for (or officially believe in the existence of) the soul.   Psychology, for example, is, by definition, the study of the soul, but if asked, most people, including psychologists and psychiatrists would state that psychology is the study of the mind.   Ironically, psychologists do not officially believe in the existence of the mind either!Furthermore, sex offenses are often treated as if such crimes were caused by a disease or were a disease themselves.   However, even with real or other diseases (if we allow, just for the sake of argument, that some such offenses are the results of disease), there is no hard and firm definition of a disease even in situations where virtually everyone would agree that the situation (such as with cancer of cardiovascular disease) is a disease.The â€Å"retribution† theory of punishment holds that individuals should only be punished if they have done something wrong and their punishment should be in proportion to the wrong they have done.   This theory proposes that it is right to inflict pain, but recognizes that the innocent can get punished for things they did not do.   This is certainly a very serious consideration in any case of capital punishment.In other situations, an alleged criminal may eventually get a reprieve and be exonerated for a crime he or she did not commit even though their exoneration might come until after they have lost a few or even many valuable years in prison serving a term for a crime they did not commit.   However, in capital cases, exoneration is of little value after the alleged individual has been executed, and certainly, the criminal justice system must have executed many innocent individuals over the years.In such cases, both the known victim(s) of the crime and the individual accused of the crime become victims while the guilty party may permanently escape justice.   No one is punished for the crime because the individual who is punished is innocent.   So, the actual criminal has more or less committed an additional crime and gotten away with it.Whose rights are most important?   This question cannot be answered as asked.   The answer is not merely a matter of rights, but more a matter of safety.   The intent is to err on the side of safety, so the initial question has more to do with, â€Å"What will render the individuals of a community safe† than â€Å"Whose rights are most important†, certainly an important issue as well.   Some feel that Megan's law gives a false sense of security.   Statistics from the Bureau of Justice indicate that the overwhelming majority of sexually assaulted minors we re victimized by family members or acquaintances rather than by strangers.In fact, these statistics suggest that those who appear on a sex offenders registry would not really significantly resolve the problem of sex offenses against minors.   Thus, laws directed against the occasional stranger who might sexually assault minors would be like the tip of an iceberg in dealing with the actual problem.   Most victims will still be victimized and most of those guilty of the offense will never serve justice.   With the guilty party still free, laws similar to Megan's law would not really make most people any safer even if made people feel that way.However, statistics from the Bureau of Justice also indicate that sex offenders discharged from prison or sentenced to probation generally have a lower rate of re-arrest than other violent offenders but are substantially more likely than other violent offenders to be rearrested for a new violent sex offense (U.S. Department of Justice Press Release).   In cases of rape alone, execution is not an option.   Some have proposed that rapists be castrated (Vachss, 1993).   Castration is thought to emanate the male sex drive, but castration won't prevent murder as was the case in Megan Kanka's situation and some individuals get a vicarious thrill from the act of murder itself.Ultimately, the questions raised here are neither easy or straightforward.   Society may find those individuals who have committed violent sex offenses, try them, convict and sentence them and the accused individual, whether or not actually guilty, may pay for the crime.   However, it is certain that some guilty individuals will never be found, some innocent individuals will pay for sex (and other) crimes they have not committed and the laws designed to make society safer will work successfully at times and not at others.Perhaps we must live with the realization that answering the difficult questions raised here will not resolve our dilemma no matter what decisions we are ultimately to make.   All that we can actually do is to put laws in place that we believe will achieve a goal and then deal with every situation that arises on a case by case basis.   If we are honest and fair with our assessment, we will not trample the rights of victims nor victimize criminals any more than is necessary, if at all.   Our goal must be to try to be fair while protecting the safety of communities and those who live in them.   While we will never get the balance completely right, fairness is the key.ReferencesFlanagan, Russ.   â€Å"Megan's legacy, A child's death serves as a call to action†.   The Express Times, February 26, 2004.Vachss, Andrew.   â€Å"How Many Dead Children Are Needed to End the Rhetoric?†Ã‚   New York Daily News, August 12, 1994Vachss, Andrew.   â€Å"Sex Predators Can’t Be Saved.†Ã‚   New York Times, January 5, 1993Wikipedia, February, 7, 2007. ;https://en.wikipedia.org/wik i/Murder_of_Megan_Kanka#Jesse_Timmendequas; 4 January 2007.

Difference in Gothic and Romanesque architecture Essay

Different Architecture of Romanesque and Gothic Inspired Buildings There have been numerous pilgrimages made across France and Spain, each one just as unique as the one before it. Along these routes there are an immeasurable number of magnificent churches and temples each with their own history, architecture and art work, making them very distinctive. Time and place are important influences of the design of these churches and temples when they were built; this means that we have encountered scores of distinct architectural types along our pilgrimages. I will examine as well as compare the similarities and differences of two types of architecture from the middle ages called Romanesque and Gothic. Romanesque and Gothic architecture differ in many ways from how the exterior looks to the mood on the inside to the sculptures, arch types and the clerestory. The two architectural types are different because they were influenced by the different forces surrounding them at the time. The periods in time when these architectures were being defined played an important role in the outcome. Romanesque architecture started being used in the 6th century and eventually evolved into Gothic architecture in the 12th century which lasted until the 16th century .1 We can see clear evolution of the distinct features of Romanesque architecture morphing into Gothic architecture. During the 12th century there are buildings containing features of both Romanesque and Gothic architecture. As the buildings would take years to complete, the initial stages of the building would be Romanesque and the later parts would be Gothic. I will look closely at two churches while also touching on other churches that we have discussed this semester and compare their features. St Sernin in Toulouse, France and Notre Dame Cathedral in Chartres, France will represent Romanesque and Gothic respectably. The church of St Sernin is the largest church in Toulouse, the fourth largest city in France, and it is Romanesque architecture at its finest. Toulouse was once part of a region called Roman Gaul and the church was built during the time of the Roman Empire. This is why we see Romanesque architecture throughout France and areas of Spain. The Notre Dame Cathedral in Chartres, France is considered to be one of the most important Gothic buildings, not only along the pilgrimage routes but in the world. Unlike Toulouse, Chartres is a tiny little country town however, Notre Dame  Cathedral is famous for its beautiful architecture, unique sculptures and awe inspiring stain glass windows. The exterior of Romanesque architecture was built more for function than beauty. We find most of this architecture embedded in castles where defence was imperative. While defence was n’t as important for the churches we can still see this style existing in many Romanesque churches. â€Å"The walls of Romanesque buildings are often of massive thickness with few comparatively small openings†.2 Having thick walls and small windows, the castles were almost impenetrable however this meant the design of the churches were relatively simplistic when compared to Gothic buildings. When we look at St Sernin we able to identify these features. There are numerous windows around the church however as St Sernin is a rather large Church you would expect to see more windows with other styles of architecture. The front of St Sernin has one large round window but the rest of this facing is mainly stone with few relatively small windows. When we compare this to Gothic architecture we can see a significant difference. When Romanesque architecture evolved into Gothic architecture the arches were no longer just for sustaining the weight, they became more visually appealing. Gothic architecture came to be because of â€Å"a unique combination of existing technologies†¦ Those technologies were the ogival or pointed arch, the ribbed vault, and the flying buttress†.3 These new technologies meant that the exterior walls could be thinner and have more windows as the weight of the roof and upper levels were better distributed through clustered columns. Having lighter walls and more windows and openings led to more decorative and visually stunning buildings considered to be works of art. Notre Dame Cathedral is an impressive work of art which uses all the new technologies in displaying one of the finest examples of Gothic architecture. The facade of the cathedral is high and well decorated. There is a magnificent round window which is the centre piece of the face which is surrounded by countless pointed arch windows designed to support the weight. Unlike the church of St Sernin where most of the front wall was stone, Notre Dame’s front wall consists mostly of windows. These exterior features had a significant impact on the interior feel and m ood of the buildings. The amount of light let in by the two comparative architectural types has a lot to do with the feel and mood of the interior. When entering different buildings one â€Å"can feel the difference between the [two types of]  architecture†.4 When it comes to the Romanesque style of St Sernin, very little light is able to penetrate the thick walls with little openings which makes the interior mood feel dark and gloomy. When you compare that to the Gothic Notre Dame, with its numerous windows it has a completely different feel. Instead of feeling dark and gloomy like St Sernin, Notre Dame’s interior has a much lighter and a more inviting mood. ] Another defining feature of Gothic architecture is one of the new technologies, the pointed or ogival arches. This new way of carrying the weight was revolutionary as costs could be cut by having more glass and less stone work. Structural â€Å"use of the pointed arch gave a greater flexibility to architectural form, it also gave Gothic architecture a very different visual character to Romanesque†.5 These arches meant the ceiling could be made higher than before symbolising an aspiration for heaven. All Gothic openings such as windows, doorways and galleries are made with pointed arches. The church at St Sernin is no exception to this rule. Looking at the outside of the building all you can see is pointed arch doors and windows. It is the same once you have entered the building, pointed archways running down both sides of church. Compared to Gothic architecture, Romanesque architecture was an outdated technique when it came to efficiency. Romanesque design wasn’t as adv anced, instead of using efficient pointed arches like Gothic designs; rounded or semi circle arches were used for their arches. This is more efficient at holding weight than a square doorway but not as efficient as a pointed arch. To overcome this weakness of the rounded arches â€Å"instead of a single round arch of stone to span an opening†¦ [they use] multitudinous arches†.6 This way the weight load is spread over numerous arches instead of a single arch. When we look at the church in St Sernin the doorways and windows are all rounded. The main entrance has two large rounded doorways, when we look closely we can see it isn’t a like the other arches, to carry the weight they have made the arch wider than the wall coming out a few feet. When we go inside we can see that on top of the rows of columns on the interior there are rounded arches, even the roof is a rounded arch which is supported by moulded arches. Sculpture work that exists on the inside and outside of churches had two purposes. Intricate sculpture works on the churches were visually appealing making them more attractive to pilgrims and tourists and it was also a way of storytelling that was guaranteed to last  as long as the church. Romanesque sculptures evolved over the years having three distinct periods. A primitive period, the second period was marked by baroque exaggeration and the final refining and assimilating period.7 This style of sculpture work often depicts scenes of everyday life including both people and animals. While the scenes of the sculptures rarely altered, how they were depicted was. In the second period â€Å"[g]rotesque figures of men and animals, and designs derived from vegetable kingdom†8 were common. As we move into the third period depictions are more realistic. At St Sernin there is an abundance of Romanesque sculptures carved into the south portal. It is an early piece of Romanesque scul pture work as the subjects of the art work are all regular in appearance. Over the south portal is a scene of Christ with the twelve apostles below looking up at him. This was a common enough depiction of Christ in Romanesque design, a very similar piece had been carved on a different church carved twelve years earlier. The end of the Romanesque period flowed smoothly into the new Gothic style of sculpture work. While it continued the â€Å"tradition of Romanesque sculpture, but it changed in its iconography †¦ tending towards a didactic representation of the most important persons and scenes in the Holy Scripture†.9 Other common themes are the twelve months and the signs of the zodiac, angels and saints. Gothic architecture took the already existing Romanesque architecture and channelled this into a more comprehensive and calculated work of art with the ability to touch any individual that gazes upon her art and for individuals who understand Gothic sculpture have a deeper appreciation. The faà §ade at Notre Dame Cathedral has three magnificent doorways, and above the centre doorway is a great depiction of Christ created using a Gothic sculpture style. Christ is standing surrounded by an eagle, bull, lion and a winged man. Visitors are able to enjoy this work for its quality although t hose who understand the piece realise that the eagle represents Saint John, the bull represents Saint Luke, the lion represents Saint Mark and the winged man represents Saint Matthew. Gothic and Romanesque architecture dominated the middle ages used to create magnificent churches, temples and castles considered to be works of art. Romanesque architecture evolved into Gothic architecture during the 12th century. While these two types of architecture sometimes overlapped during the transitional period, Gothic and Romanesque architecture are like chalk and cheese when you examine them closely. From the ingenuity of the design, the mood and feel of the interior, the visual effect of the exterior and the beautiful sculpture work. Gothic architectures used all of the available technologies available to them, so they were able to create structures that Romanesque architectures could only dream of. These new design methods meant that the interior mood has also morphed; Romanesque architecture had a damp and dark mood which evolved into the bright and inviting Gothic architecture. Sculptures went from being grotesque figures in Romanesque architecture to a more defined and meaningful work of art in Gothic architecture. These two different styles of architecture may be different however they are still both quite capable of inspiring individuals which means that they will be a destination for pilgrims and tourists for the years to come. Bibliography Browne, Edith A, Romanesque Architecture (Kessinger Publishing, 2005) Frankl, Paul, Gothic Architecture (Yale University Press, 2000) Groce, Jenae, An Introduction to Gothic Architecture (World Technologies, 2012) Morey, Charles R., The Source of Romanesque Sculpture (College Art Association, 1919)

Working with and Leading People

Cool Sounds is an established music retailer throughout the UK and it has around 280 stores and 15000 employees, both full time as well as part-time. The products sold by Cool Sounds range from CDs and DVDs to software for computer consoles. The organization has a tall structure and most of the decisions are made from the Head Offices although leading people is usually the specific remit to store management team. Cool Sounds has planned to open a new flagship store in Coventry and hire 80 more employees. I being the general manager of the store have prepared this paper to address some of the issues related to recruitment, selection and retention, leadership, performance appraisal, etc. (Anthony, Kacmar & Perrwe 2005). RECRUITMENT, SELECTION AND RETENTION What does Cool Sounds look for in its employees? Cool Sounds looks for a strong academic record when assessing the application of employees. Past experience shows that academic skills are seldom sufficient to be a successful professional within a company as challenging, dynamic and diverse as Cool sounds. Therefore, Cool Sounds has identified four skills and qualities as being essential to performing to the high standards that they expect from their employees. Capacity, achievement, relationships and technicality are these skills identified by Cool Sounds. Capacity is the diagnostic ability to put problems in an extensive but in a relevant view. Achievement is the ability to get things done. Relationships refer to the ability to work efficiently with others in a team and technicality is the ability to understand and approach technical issues coupled with an enthusiasm for technical challenge. The HR management refers to these qualities throughout their assessment and selection process, looking for candidates who can show them to a greater degree than their contemporaries. (Benefiel 2008). Applications and resumes Cool Sounds offers an amazing range of recruitment in many different fields and also requires people from diverse backgrounds. Every year Cool Sounds examine its business requirements and accordingly they conduct external recruiting and for this, they should advertise in the leading newspapers and shortlist the candidates suitable by interviewing them after which they must select candidates on the basis of their degree, although work experience really counts but they should also recruit candidates on the basis of their answers and intelligence. All applications should be assessed and candidates based on the above mentioned qualities and both internal and external selections should be done. Cool Sounds should recruit employees both internally and externally. (Butteriss 1998). The Interview Process Once the recruiters have reviewed the candidates’ application forms and CVs/Resumes, they must conduct telephonic or face-to-face interview and many other interview techniques and questions must be asked to determine the personality of the candidate. Cool Sounds must conduct competency based interviews in order to evaluate the competence in a candidate. (Barker 2008). Situational interviews are conducted by asking questions like e. g. ‘A person in your team is disrupting information, how would you handle the situation? ’ Behavioral interviews should also be conducted in which Cool Sounds should inquire about the candidates’ achievements and any challenges they have faced e. g. ‘Please tell us about a time when you were under great pressure? How did you cope? What was the outcome? The content of the responses to the questions asked should then assessed by Cool sounds. Offer and Onboarding Once the candidates have been successfully selected to work in the organization, they should be called in for a management trainee program. (Clawson & Corner 2004). Offer To give their candidates the best value they can get, Cool Sounds should make sure that it provides the job that the person wants, for instance, if the employee is more flexible about their preferred job and location, the more likely should Cool Sounds should be able to give what the employee want. After finding a suitable vacancy, the employee should be invited to a ‘Get to Know You’ session so that the employee meets the business managers they’ll be working with, as well as some of their team, and find out more about the position. This would also give the employees as well as the company itself to double check whether the candidate is suitable or not and if a suitable match is lacking at this point, Cool Sounds must continue to explore for more candidates. Gravett 2003). Onboarding This is when the employees’ career begins with Cool Sounds and the onboarding programs should be carried out so that employees can get to know the organization better. Moreover, the company should always be ready to guide its employees in the best possible way, so that the employees can have a feel of what their job role is in the organization, what they are supposed to do, and find out how Cool Sounds operates itself. Retention Rewards and Benefits Rewards and benefits are major set of HRM activities and so Cool Sound should provide their employees rewards and benefits and the most common rewards they can give to the employees are worker’s compensation, social security and unemployment insurance. Reward System Reward system serves as a strategic purpose of attracting, motivating and retaining people, therefore Cool Sounds should provide bonus to their employees in order improve the performances of the employees. By taking a look to the performance of the employee or his sincerity with the organization, the employees should be given rewards to keep them motivated. (John 2001). Pay Structure Pay structure is the difference of pays of employees within the organization and it is vital to give the same pays to the employees having same designation so that no sort of conflict arises between them; however the pay must only be different for employees on the basis of their performance. Individual Pay Decisions To promote the employees, individual pay decisions should be made as well and Cool Sounds must ensure that employee’s individual contribution is recognized and rewarded through performance-related pay and bonuses, moreover, facilities must be provided to their hardworking employees and they should also work on the enhancement of the technical knowledge of the employees. Other factors of retention Health and medical benefits should be provided to the employees, every employee should be fairly treated and job security should be provided to them. (Kay 2000). Legal and ethical issues When staff is to be recurited, some legal and ethical issues need to be considered. Code of ethics These include age and gender, race and religion discrimination and sexual harassment and it is mandatory for the HR Department of Cool Sounds to make sure a fair treatment of employees. Employees know that they are safe and they can approach someone in case they are unfairly treated by anyone. Legal issues The HR Department should act as a negotiator and works to establish cooperation between the legal entities, regulatory agencies, supervisors and employees to properly address and determine the issue prevailing. BUILDING WINNING TEAMS. The culture followed by an organization highlights its personality. Culture basically comprises of the assumptions, the values and norms of an organization, the financial position of the organization and about its members and their behaviors. Whenever a new member is added to an organization, they don’t take much time to study and learn about the type of culture being followed by an organization. However, every organization has its different culture and although new employees may take time to adjust but they soon get to know about it and work accordingly and the culture of an organization makes an organization different from others. The culture an organization adopts should be such that it should be accepted by all the employees and it basically helps to understand the human system in an organization and there are basically two types of challenges a culture has to overcome. Once an employee joins an organization, he has to get accustomed to its culture effectively and only those who can adopt it well can survive. After the employees adopt the culture, it leads to a collective learning process creating shared assumption and beliefs. Team learning This refers to the learning that develops the ability in a team to create the results expected and desired by the other members. It further builds personal mastery and shared vision. Team learning leads to good results and growth becomes more rapid. Team learning is dependent on the type of members a team consists of and the way they think and take the other members. (Kline & SaCool Soundsders 1997). Problematic areas One of the major problems being faced by the HR department is because of the diversified workforce at an organization. Many people feel uncomfortable to working with people of a different age, sex, or culture. Despite the fact that employing people from different groups is good but it can lead to a clot of conflicts. The management has to manage a diversified workforce effectively or it can effect employee satisfaction and productivity negatively and the employees who recognize themselves as valued members of their organization are more diligent, concerned, and innovative and this tends them to work harder. Another problem can be the economic unrest prevailing. People from diversified groups would be having different definition of ambition. The outcome of ambition is mostly unpredictable, some ambitions begun in selflessness end in rancor; others begun in selfishness end in large-heartedness. It can at times be uncontrollable as well and some people may not be able handle ambition serving it as a grief to others. It also leads to jealousy. Other than that, people might opt any way to achieve their goals and these might be unlawful as well. Team Charter †¢ Policy formulation – It is essential for the employees to obey the set of rules and policies set by Cool Sounds as this is essential so that proper regulation can be maintained at the work place. (Christensen & Irwin 1976) Knowledge Management – It relates to the programs such as the objectives of the organizations, creating ways to improve the performance of the employees, developing a competitive advantage and creating innovation. (Evans 2003). †¢ Ethics – this is the most important area of philosophy is about right conduct and good lif e and is considerably broader than the common idea of analyzing right and wrong. †¢ Customer Satisfaction – Serving the customers well. Team roles identified by Belbin These roles are identified on the basis of the behaviour of the people when they work in teams and these have a great impact on their performance as well. The roles that Beblin identified are mentioned below. Action Oriented Role †¢ Implementer – the role of the implementer is to translate the ideas and the decisions of the team into actions that can be managed. †¢ Shaper – his role is rather goal directed and more challenging as he has to overcome obstacles and work under great pressure. †¢ Completer/Finisher – the basic task of the completer is to meet deadlines. People Skills Oriented Role †¢ Co-ordinator – facilitates interaction as well as decision making. †¢ Teamworker – it is vital for the teammaker to listen attentively to his team members, to be collaborative and to cooperate with them. Resource Investigator – developing contacts, have excellent communications skills and exploring new ideas are the basic roles played by a resource investigator. Cerebral/Intellectual Role †¢ Planter – his basic goal is to solve problems. †¢ Monitor/Evaluator â⠂¬â€œ having good judgemental and thinking skills are essential for an evaluator. †¢ Specialist – constant learning and building knowledge. The ideas that are proposed by the team members should be implemented in the store if they are feasible. For instance, in the case of Cool Sounds, both the shaper as well as the completer is important so that the store can do its best. To make the store operate in a better way, it would be good to discuss ideas with the team members so that new things can be implemented and this would give a competitive edge to the store. Moreover, it is also vital for the planter to solve problems and negotiate with the team members in order to keep things going in an orderly manner and to avoid conflicts. LEADERSHIP Leadership is basically the process of social influence in which one particular person is able to help and support the others in order to accomplish a common task. It is also about creating something that could help out the people achieve something that is extraordinary. There are a lot of leadership theories proposed by many theorists. Leadership style is the manner or approach of providing direction; implementing plans and motivating people and according to Kurt Lewin, the 19th Century German psychologist suggested three different styles of leadership. All three styles of leadership can be used by Cool Sounds depending on the type of the employees they have hired. (Kouzes & Posner 2008) Styles of Leadership 1. Authoritarian /autocratic – Such leaders have full authority to take decisions and are preferred by such employees who need close supervision in order to complete the tasks assigned to them. Northhouse 2006). 2. Participative or democratic – Such leadership involves including the employees in decision making, however the final decision is taken by the leader. 3. Delegate of Free reign – The leader permits the employees to make decisions for them. However, in any event leaders are the ones who are actually responsible for all their decisions. This style is usually used where employees are few and have greater awareness. (Lee 1991). Skills in leaders The leaders are the ones who should encourage their juniors to suggest ideas that could lead to creativity and innovation. The employees should be rewarded, supported and proper amalgamation should be provided for the processes. Fund learning should be encouraged. This can be done by prioritizing it into budgets and work plans and to make it accessible to the employees or it would be of no use. Trust and respect should be placed on all the levels of the organization. Free communication and personalization should be allowed. Constant training or at least monthly or yearly training programs should be held for all the staff to keep on learning new things. The return on investment should be taken care of. The employees should know how much they are contributing to the company. These are some more factors that could help UN to retain their current employees. (Leat 2001). In order to manage conflicts, the leaders should use conflict management i. e. an amalgamation of different processes that aids in eliminating the sources of conflict and these processes includes negotiation, mediation and diplomacy and dispute resolution or alternative dispute resolution are other terms for conflict resolution. Motivational techniques Empowerment It facilitates the process of making choices and translating these choices into decisions by enhancing the choice making abilities of involved individuals and groups. As a result of this empowerment, individual and collective assets are created which are crucial to the efficiency of organizational and institutional development which controls the utilization of these assets. (Schein 1993) Equity theory This is all about how satisfied an employee is regarding the distribution of resources. The theory was proposed by John Stacy Adams in 1962 and he said that employees seek to maintain equity between the inputs and the outcomes. Everyone expects to be fairly treated and this keeps them motivated to stay in an organization. This theory is basically based on the ratio of inputs (contribution made by employees) to the outcomes (behaviors and contribution of the employees). This theory would be useful for Cool Sounds because it describes the relationship between the level of motivation that an employee has and the way he receives equitable or inequitable treatment. This relationship is basically between the employee and the employer. With this, the issue to comparison arises as what the employees do is that they compare their input and outcome with that of the others. The inputs mainly are the time the employee gives to accomplish a task, his expertise experience and skills, etc. however, the outcomes are the monetary compensation such as the benefits the employees receive and likewise. Therefore, it can affect the morale, efficiency, productivity, and turnover of the employees at the organization. Furthermore, there are certain assumptions of this theory when it is being applied to a business. For instance, if an employee expects a fair return for her contribution and by comparing her input and outcomes or is not being fairly treated. This comparison is called social comparison and this discourages the employees badly and if the management does not work on it and the result of this would be that the employees will start distorting their inputs as well as the outputs. Therefore, the organization must ensure that they take care of all this in future. Expectancy theory This is basically about choice and the way in which people make choices. It is a motivation theory and was proposed by Victor Vroom. In this theory, the level of motivation of the employees is expected to rise when they put more efforts to do the tasks they are assigned to do and this makes them do better work and this leads to organizational rewards that are valued by the employees. Two things that the expectancy theory emphasizes is the self-interest of the rewards that the employees want and how the employees behave with reference to it. According to this theory, the behaviour of the employees is a result from conscious choices among alternatives. The sole purpose of this theory is to maximize pleasure and reduce the pain involved in completing a task. This theory is based on three concepts that results in motivation. 1. Valence – this is what an employee prefers for a particular outcome and the employee must be motivated to prefer to attain an outcome than the idea of not attaining it. 2. Instrumentality – the extent to which a first level outcome leads to the second level. . Expectancy – Probability that an action will lead to the first level outcome. Therefore, Cool Sounds must use proper reward systems making sure that the performance of the employees is measured properly. WORK AND DEVELOPMENT NEEDS As the store would be divided into various sections that must function effectively, some work activities need to be analyzed. For this, it is important for the leaders to plan out things for each department efficiently and motivate the employees of the respective department to perform well. The development needs of an employee can be identified by doing performance appraisal and it would also help to identify the effectiveness of the activities. Performance Appraisal Performance appraisal is done for the purpose of promotions. It is the assessments of an employee’s performance. It serves for administrative and developmental purposes. Administrative purpose provides information for making salary, promotion, lay-off decisions and documentation. Developmental purpose can be used to diagnose training needs and career planning. Cool Sounds appraises its employees because feedback and coaching based on appraisal information provide the basis for improving day-to-day performance. (Perlmutter, Bailey & Netting 2000). Results Appraisal Cool Sounds should appraise its employees’ performance. Results appraisals tend to be more objective and can focus on production data such as sales volumes or profits. Management by Objectives A process in which objective set by subordinate and supervisor must be reached within a given time period. This is another name given to â€Å"Results appraisal. † Aim of MBO. Cool Sounds must use MBO to achieve a set of goals that is clear, specific and reachable, and when managers want to empower employees to adapt their behavior as they deem necessary in order to achieve desired results. The standard of performance at Cool Sounds should be based on job analysis after which performance standards should be notified to its employees. (Morgan 1997). Managers and Supervisors Cool Sounds should also use its managers and supervisors as a source of appraisal information because they are often in a best position to observe an employees performance. Internal and External Customers Cool Sounds should use its internal and external customers as sources of performance appraisal information and it is a good idea for employees to evaluate their own performance. 360-Degree Appraisal Cool Sounds should also use multiple sources of appraisal to gain a comprehensive perspective of one’s performance because each source of performance appraisal information has some limitations, and different people may see different aspects of performance. 60-degree appraisal is beneficial and would be accepted by employee if not linked with increments. (Frappaolo 2006). Performance Appraisal Interview Employees want to know how they are doing, but typically they are comfortable about getting feedback. Cool Sounds should conduct performance appraisal interviews thoughtfully and must summarize the employees’ specific performance, and then supports the employees who are not performing well and appreciates those whose performances are good. Conclusion. Therefore, it is essential for Cool Sounds to take care of the employees they select and recruit because the employees serve as an asset of an organization and so it is a must for them to retain them as well. Moreover, they must also manage the teams well and good leadership skills are essential to make the employees work well. Conducting performance appraisal is also necessary as it can help Cool Sounds find out the level of performance of the employees and how they can further improve their performance. (Lewis 2003).

Philosophy Of Education Based On Curriculum Perspectives Education Essay

Gregory & A ; Ripski ( 2008 ) explains the effects of making trust and edifice bonds with pupils, â€Å" A relational attack may gain pupil cooperation via pupils ‘ feelings of their instructors as trustworthy and legitimate authorization figures † . Teachers must be leaders inside and outside the schoolroom. The instructor ‘s function is to first make energy to swear and esteem in their schoolroom. By making a schoolroom scene that is safe and loving ; pupils ‘ motive and energy towards larning is straight wedged explains Eccles & A ; Roeser ( 2003 ) , â€Å" It has been suggested that due to the developmental significance of relationships during adolescence ( peculiarly relationships outside the household ) , a socially supportive school atmosphere will advance positive academic and societal results in immature people † as cited in Associating Academic Social Environments, Ego-Identity formation, Ego Virtues and Academic Success ( Good & A ; Adams 20 08 ) . The key of a successful instructor is understanding how they became the instructors they which straight impacts pupil success. Student success is straight relationship to a safe schoolroom scene, positive relationships with pupils, and the desire to larn. I believe that each kid possesses the ability to be successful no affair what their environment. Each pupil has a alone personality that with individualised attending can happen success in whatever they set their head to make. I believe that pupils should be able to have an instruction in an environment that is safe, and fulfilling to everyone involved. It is my belief that each kid possesses a flicker inside them and the function of the pedagogue is to tackle that flicker and make energy ( desire ) of the pupil to larn. Many first twelvemonth pedagogues receive advice such as â€Å" do non smile until December † and â€Å" Let pupils neglect in the beginning, so they know they need you † , Landsman et Al ( 2008 ) argues, â€Å" Unfortunately, excessively many instructors begin their calling without a tool kit full of schemes for pull offing pupil acquisition. Therefore, they end up training pupils with force and menaces † . With this attitude educating the pupils of today is a losing conflict. The attack pedagogues take into their schoolroom sing pupils can finally order the success of the pupils behaviorally and academically, â€Å" Educators can construct better schools by cognizing, swearing, authorising, linking, and honouring all their pupils † ( Hoffman & A ; Lavek 2008 ) . The cogent evidence comes from the pupils ‘ success. The intent of instruction is to enable pupils to go successful in their lives. As an pedagogue I must larn what is of import to my pupils and what will assist them win in mundane life. Taking what is of import to them combined with the Georgia Performance Standards will assist to make their single success. I believe effectual instructors should make this every twenty-four hours every bit good as relate all acquisition to the universe around the pupils doing it meaningful to them. Constructing Relationships Relationships are non built in an blink of an eye. Time builds bonds with pupils. Relationships do non come over dark between pupils and instructors, nevertheless the clip exhausted making these bonds nurture a successful schoolroom, â€Å" The clip required to develop relationships with pupils may be significant. However without this clip, the loath scholar may ne'er go engaged in larning † ( Landsman, Moore, & A ; Simmons 2008 ) . A successful school is a topographic point where instructors take the clip to larn about their pupils as stated by Hoffman & A ; Lavek ( 2008 ) , â€Å" To make schools that function as individualized communities of larning instead than anon. establishments where some pupils feel they belong and others feel ignored, we must cognize our students-how they think, what they need, and what they want † . Relationships in the schoolroom and off from academically puting have the possible to impact the pupils instantly every bit good as supply a long er last impact. Classroom Environment Teachers many times can make a nurturing environment or cold schoolroom by the manner they perceive certain pupils. The incrimination is frequently passed on to the pupil as a deficiency of motive or duty, but the instructors may be the incrimination. As cited in, Reluctant Teacher, Ladson-Billings ( 2006 ) indicates that instructors who define pupils in such footings create a schoolroom environment that is no longer a topographic point of acquisition and high outlooks, but instead a topographic point rooted in control and direction. Such conditions will non assist the loath scholar become successful ( Landsman et al.2008 ) . Students want to experience that they are of import. They want to experience as if they belong, and have a interest in what they are making in the schools, â€Å" loath scholars need to experience that they are heard, that their narratives, their voices, their inquiries, and their parts affair. The best instructors make pupil voices the centre of the category à ¢â‚¬  ( Landsman et al 2008 ) . My end is to do learning merriment and take every docile minute to the benefit of my pupils. In order to supply my pupils with a route map to success ; I am committed to utilizing new and advanced techniques every bit good as go oning to turn professionally. I will make a stimulating ambiance wrapped with positive support, so pupils can turn and maturate emotionally, intellectually, physically, and socially. Academic Achievement and Behavior Fostering relationships where the pupils trust and have a relationship with their instructor lead to a well run schoolroom academically and behaviorally. Students who feel their environment in secure and understand the outlooks are more likely to back up and work for their instructor describes Stuhlman, Hamre, & A ; Pianta ( 2002 ) , â€Å" since the schoolroom is the puting where pupils execute on a day-to-day footing, doing it a more supportive environment may hold more immediate and longer-lasting effects on results such as behaviour and attending † . Another factor is behavior jobs and hapless academic accomplishment is motive. Students who are non motivated are more likely to hold behavior issues or academic jobs. Dissecting the pupils ‘ involvements to research how to actuate their acquisition will engender a schoolroom where pupils are willing to work, â€Å" by developing and presenting such schemes, pedagogues facilitate the edifice of positive relationships be tween instructors and pupils that can supply the motive, enterprise, and battle which are indispensable for academic success † ( Stuhlman et al 2002 ) . Collaboration is the following key to pupil success. Without the support of the parents and/or defenders and all pedagogues involved so larning is jeopardized. Educators can non trust to accomplish success without back uping one another and the support of the parents. Students can make higher degrees of larning when all grownups involved in their acquisition aids take their educational growing beyond the walls of the school. Gregory, A. , & A ; Ripski, M. ( 2008 ) . 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